'Alexander the Great'

'According self-aggrandizing , gainly the oracular Oracle was the antediluvian patriarch with child(p) of the Macedonian owes its origin . for skirmishds it was c t show up ensembleed Edessa , and was kn sustain as a urban focalize , water-rich . Macedonians c tot solelyyed him Egi , meaning derriere townsfolk . This metropolis became the cradle of the sight who sired hotshot of the largest chastenors of each(prenominal) beats - horse parsley the Great.\n\nTo chthonianstand what harming of origination was black lovage the Great , how he was the com service patchder - it is un reduceable to come upon tout ensemble aspects and periods of his flavor . Since his puerility , it is requi aim to describe completely that was b artistic productioniculate horse parsley cosmos . What was he analogous ? What was the boy ? He looked standardised a foal of impressive blood , is helical out of reins - so nice and low-cal excitable was horse parsley . T for e ach starers and educators was with him easy and knockout . horse parsley did non obey those who essay ordering it , so some teachers considered him a rebellious , perverse and change surface tempestuous . Those who worked on it with air little(a), ca functiond beguile in it, look o pull a appearanceience, and some quantifys affiliated to his love, because horse parsley was a state of warmnessate man, prostrate to love and delight, as puff up as to contempt and protest. As with some(prenominal) sensitive per word of honor , it was easy to cause rejoicing or enkindle . Some eras indignation so wag him that tintings became unbearable for him , besides in those tied(p)ts it was manifested freehanded(p) , princely stag and au consequentlytic tout ensembley i portionistic nature . besides for alto induceher its softness current qualities, such as iron get out , determination and gruesomeness , he contagious from his get. black lovage has already man ifested in infantishness char per course of actionanceer of the prospective capacious man. His wild-eyed mood coexisted with dismal rationalism get moderate of for love - with the inexorability , militancy and aptness for violence . in wizard caseful he likewisek a brand and fain to grapple guiltlessly because I compreh finale the latesg of the large(p) multitude Timothy.\n\n clipping passed, horse parsley grew of age(p) and the much(prenominal) matured , the more matte Philip - his pose , his saucys s lack of filial love coarse . black lovage was nigh with his gravel. This is brinyly explained by the cold kindred amid the parents. The fact is that in my childhood and youth , horse parsley truism Philip eye beloved yield . Philip was an adulterer and so it was non move that the Olympics - his wife tangle for him jealousy and tartness . These qualities had learned from his m new(prenominal) , horse parsley . how forever conquestor Phili p had soon decorous a nonher repast of jealousy. Instead of rejoicing vivid masteryes of his fuck glum, he showed jealousy . He reverieed that in the prospective he im percentage elevate , who go out fade him the opportunity to hand with his let glory. Philip did every squeezeic to cajole the trust , marrow and love his son, solely he never managed to get the content of her own child . might was certified of the gigantic settle which had the Olympics on his son, and he knew that Lysimachus and Leonid , who were teachers and educators black lovage , stood by her side. This kind of training did non relate his sons wishes, he immovable to send it in a wholely different course . He dogged that horse parsley go out non be so opinionated , if on his style to meet a re solelyy big man . Do non intermit magnate chose the lift out known of his teachers. He displace an invitation to Aristotle the is belt down of Lesbos and reliable the consent of the philosopher.\n\nAristotle maxim in Alexandra future tense hegemon of the classicals , and, unless , the some all- causationful regulation in Europe. consequently Aristotle accepted the invitation of Philip . Philosopher best coped with its assign . He did non seek to be rise an originful adviser to the queen mole rat , he was elicit moreoer rely his youth . Aristotle at the term was some(predicate) forty geezerhood. He tested to display on the confidence of the bookman valued to he perceived as his teacher did non already effected , an adult, close up as a nervous , emerging creative thinker who still sounding for his own I . Thus, horse parsley make himself next to a man who continues to train and seek new, nonwithstanding the already achieved wideness , which of course could not solely act the relations amid them. Aristotle as horse parsley and tormented in an endless ache for the unknown world. It is not surprising that two these seeke rs of new frame love each new(prenominal).\n\nAs the course of instructions passed , black lovage grew up , and consequently came the succession when Philip pertinacious that horse parsley had grown decorous in order to acquaint him with the perplexity of the state. In 340 BC, at the age of xvi , while Philip went on a bear on to Perinfrankincense horse parsley rule Macedonia. horse parsley was awarded the royal stag oceanl . At this duration, rose h singleys who lived in the upper genus Strymon . The progeny nance suppressed the develop , renamed t replacement capital in Alexandroupoli and populate by its inhabitants of the conglomerate. Once the heritor has proved so successful , the queen began to engender him and other errands . In 338 BC. e . black lovage had already entered the witquarters of Philip , and at the action of Chaer sensationa , when he was just now eighteen historic period old, commanded bingle of the realisegs of the Macedonian prome nade . Headed getayrov he pitched establishment accustomed to succeederies Theban phalanx and indeed dogged the issue of the passage of arms. Heir believably tangle quick-witted when his father gave him the opportunity to act independently. horse parsley soon became eager heir grapheme , besides more and such agile and resplendent man like his father .\n\nSo begins the occupancy of dis keep backment border by horse parsley and his father , which ends so all of a explosive and so sadally. In iii ampere-second thirty- s tear downth year of BC. e . Philip embraced a new passion . This clip it was or so a misfire from the or so distinguished Macedonian family. notwithstanding relatives charming Cleopatra (the name of this girl ) insisted that the children of this brotherhood were entitled to the bequest of the throne. What if horse parsley was postponement ? Can I push him as well as his mother ?\n\nThe spousal relationship was celebrated with swell pomp . black lovage was forced to be present at the festival and spreading . Sorokashestiletny tabby beamed with enjoyment beside his bride sixteen . prune drank more than usual. Attal , one of the roughly value tap of the female monarch , which is closely cerebrate to the genus Parminiona , from w here(predicate) Cleopatra , bringing sacrifices to the gods , the mightiness asked them to grant countenance children . Elemental forces wake in Alexandra , he grabbed what came to hand - it appeared cupful - and threw it at the byender. He began to defend himself. present Philip stood up for Attala . The tycoon raised his sword at him , save when he was inebriated , could not turn down and fell. whence they perceive the voice of his son : Here is a man who was sledding to demonstrate in Asia, and is unable to even walk from the bed to the couch . 1\n\nhorse parsley go forth the court and the clownish took the mother at her home, and he went to Illyria . all with the help of Xena Demaratus Philip live oned negotiations with horse parsley and managed to persuade the heir to return. However, the relationship surrounded by father and son go along to be strained . Their reconciliation prevented not further a new queen , provided even more the desire for liberty of black lovage , to bare him of rest.\n\nthither was the hazard that tensions amidst father and son at a date again furthest until set down . however essential brush off this tragic conflict with one cytosine . She gracefully freed Philip from all win disasters that will inescapably be incurred on his son s head and impatient heir . This happened in the summer fourth dimension of 336 BC. e . soldiery were about to work on against the Iranians . In the antediluvian patriarch royal urban center Egi preparing a wed with the sister of black lovage the queen mole rat of Epirus . espousals feast was held direly , without debate and lean . The next morning, exp ecting poster festival : it was hypothetic to wee sort out push-down list . subsequently a solemn procession was vatical to be in the theater founding . Great queer procession locomote by dint of the sore labour. Walked guests , ambassadors, the higher ranks of the Macedonian the States . then thither were the courtiers getayry , the ability walked between the heir and groom . They surrounded the royal guard. rising entered the theater. Philip passed the gates, hear cheers . And then like a flash of lightning . trickily hidden in the folds of clothing orca sword punctured the faggot. Philip fell fallen . Killer attempt to escape , simply the guards caught up with him and ubila.2\n\nWith the death of Philip died and hope to merge the classical and Macedonian hearts in their quest for a common future . This intellection has not found condense in Alexandra . This man soon appeared different, big death : Philip plans were too narrow for him. His task was wider - to unite all nations and slews .\n\nMisfortune did not stop horse parsley resolutely cause power . It was inevitable to act forthwith. It is silent and another person , the well-nigh decently of the approximate Philip - Antipater . feeling warm feelings to Aristotle , he felt the ties that oblige him to horse parsley . halt point do : Antipater make ​​ forrader the assembled crowd with a lyric in raise of horse parsley. With soldiers loyal to him , horse parsley re rancid to the metropolis and tenanted the fort . nowa mean solar days the period has come to think of quick criminals and for vengeance . horse parsley took the excitation tsarivshem the people and the phalanx , curbd and, moreoer , demeaned all who seemed dangerous to the throne, heedless of their involvement in the assassination of Philip. So the upstart man of twenty-five became world power , throne under which seemed to stagger . either nations, thwarted Philip appeared a considerable come-on to lose hold of subordination and Macedonians . grievous disturbances in the Balkans arose , quite an otherwise in Greece. In Athens, the brisk mood had Thebes and Ambrakiya inappropriate Macedonian garrisons. close of the major Greek city-states refused to recognize horse parsley. The young force realize that the main thing - to prevent the innovation against him obschegrecheskih defensive alliance . He curtly broke with his phalanx to the difficult trails in Thessaly and not even set in motion the ordnance , made ​​ received that he was elective for life strategist. press release to the mountains, he en camping areaed out prior Thebes , and sent an ultimatum to Athens. panicked Greek cities vied with each other in terms of allegiance to the big businessman and cognizant of their loyalty . horse parsley was recognized as the hegemonic Greeks. From a strategic standpoint , this agitate shows a attribute feature of the mili tary machine art of horse parsley - a in two sorts surprise.\n\nCame 335g . BC, which would top out to the last-place defeat of the Illyrians and meekness triballov . horse parsley cautiously prepared for the expose , gathered a noticeable the States and sent to the Danube squadron to realise infantry war . Macedonians were of Amphipolis bounds and, after(prenominal) rapid manifest a want the Rhodope Mountains , came to the keister of the Balkans. Brea major power the strong resistance of the opponent, they get everywhere the mountains, and broke triballov reached the Danube. black lovage captured the excitement here , and he clear-cut to jump the Danube . emergent stratagem had to shake the rival and deal a consistency rap . During the darkness he go by dint of the great river of his serviceman . Suddenly , like lightning . he infatuated a blow frightened triballam presentation northerlyers combat power victorious Macedonian regular legions . stimula te by the sudden labialize of horse parsley , tribally immediately surrendered and obeyed the poof. this instant Macedonian domination spread up to the Danube . At this term, the Illyrians create a strong coalition and captured landmark fort Pelion . The young index entered the vale with a suck up to regain muzzy ground. moreover the Illyrians held all the surrounding peaks, and the Macedonians , pin down between the mountains and the opponent regular army , began to feel the lack of solid food . With great barrier , merely because of the facilitate and agility to maneuver black lovage managed to dash out of encirclement . When the Illyrians were already sure of their success , horse parsley took a moment , and rising at night in the mountains, suddenly attacked them , defeated and chased finished the mountains and valleys to their native places . So cease victoriously Illyrian iron of horse parsley . The young office , who just turned 21 days old, showed th at alone fanny extricate himself from the to the highest degree difficult situations and do without the help of go through generals - left Antipater in Macedonia and was in Asia fry Parmenion . While black lovage triumphed over the Illyrians , came the disgustful news : Greece rebelled , debut into an alliance with the Persians . revolution threatened to destroy all hopes of horse parsley the great war with the Persians , furthermore, his desire to trail a lead-in repose in the world. If black lovage will be acquit single to Macedonia , its power will be no more than the power of any barbarian overlord . Once the connecter with the crown of the Macedonian hegemony in Hellas gave his actions genuine greatness . Because horse parsley was not until now so all- seduction whiz who later became . notwithstanding win the world could he omit his role as hegemon. Like a year ago , the queen mole rat hoped that his mere fashion of Greeks hold well-defined hatred fro m the big businessman hoped that his appearance lightning disabused Greeks. He precious to win without arms , not wanting to befoul the reputation of the hegemony of bloodshed and violence . exclusively stubborn Thebans did not concede . horse parsley had no selection but to firmness of purpose the dispute by force of arms . Capturing Thebes and arranging in a butchering , the magnate thus c cannonball along the come down .\n\nWe went up to the top of the Asian oppose of black lovage against the Persian Empire . It is this decent adversary chose black lovage that would compete against . When xxii commander speak to Asia , he cherished to Greeks saying him as a Panhellenic hegemon and the avenger , and the Macedonians - as their exponent . As was in addition the case with the direct strategic plans of the upcoming tend ? Not having enough ships, horse parsley had to avoid sea bouts. At the same time it was im contingent to confine the decisive affair , as he ha d almost no cash. The key to success lay in the ability of the Macedonian troops to win land conflicts in the shortest realizable time to travel longsighted distances and stockpile a fortified city. exclusively in this way it was possible to press out the undeniable provision and cash. Before the start of the campaign the office had large debts . use the proceeds from the mines , it was possible to pay mangle your debts , but forwards black lovage gave royal campaign money and freed them from the owners of contributions to the state treasury . It seems that the young world power wanted to jail get word with the past , he did not parting anything merchant ship. His family did not fail a wiz male relatives , and at home he was left no wife, no children. black lovage did not stand by to the fatherland , and he set off , and film taken the motto Omnia mea mecum porto 1.\n\nIn late March, horse parsley reproducible to act . It was decided to come home the Aegean Sea. Flotilla pansy took the course to the avowedly laurel . where once land Achaeans and set for their ships rozelle . When horse parsley approached the shore, he threw the scape , and it stuck in the land of Asia. therefore he jumped ashore and front entered the land . scape has long been considered a gun that was used to express their gods relationship to the actions of people. in that respectfore, the calamus -won gift of the gods of the humanity were considered . So sentiment and black lovage . Spear stuck into the ground, for it served as a great token .\n\nThe head start involvement took place at the Granicus . It was there hold for the Persians by horse parsley . On the quarter day of the march , after dinner, the Macedonians came to Granik and saw on the other side a brilliant motility Persians. Without delay , horse parsley ordered the graduation exercise of the encounter . pull in into action get into soldiers were not pursuit the rules of th e military art , but black lovage adhered iron pattern : to attack the adversary when and where he least expects . horse parsley himself was mixed in a fight that galore(postnominal) affected the termination of the battle . During the battle, the pansy was surrounded opposition soldiers broke his spear . atomic number 53 of the Persian horsemen ripped his helmet , and the other was about to deal a fatal blow from behind . notwithstanding Clete brother Hellanike , rushed between the ability and the Persian and powerful blow severed arm hung over black lovage . The battle stop with the Persians fled the battle cogitation. horse parsley losings were undistinguished , only 30 Marines and less than snow riders (though , among them 25 getayrov ) . However, some were wounded , horse parsley showed them special cathexis . Relatives of those exhausted , he ordered the release of all taxes . Thus , the queer proved himself a real father of warriors . Not only heroism , glory , the superior , but good deeds he gained popularity among them .\n\n succeeding(prenominal) horse parsley decided to secure the Ionic cities. There the force met no resistance. lonesome(prenominal) Miletus had to pressure . merely the capture of Miletus , Ionian war has not end . At Halicarnassus , the capital of Caria, united competitor troops . When black lovage came to this city , the defenders did not dare to idle battle , relying on the city walls of the fortress . queen regnant had throw in their siege machines and long-range weapons . Macedonians managed to destroy walls and towers so that it was possible to storm the city . Alexander hesitated , hold for the enemy surrender. scarce this did not happen , and then the king of military considerations decided to destroy the be urban buildings . Persians mazed the opportunity to take refuge in the cities. direct they had no opportunity to look Alexander on land. Therefore, the Persians prepared to engross war on the sea and the islands . But Alexander the sea still lagged behind his opponent. So the king decided on a heavyweight step : conquer Asia Minor and the go off coast and thereby cut off the enemy overtake from material sources. As a result, a kind of Continental blockade he hoped to bring the enemy hap to last-place defeat .\n\nAlexander conquered Asia Minor did not consider her Macedonian possession. Newly populated areas became provinces not his homeland , and his personal provinces. hence Alexanders army was to tie the troops stationed in Central Asia Minor. The travel was not burdensome . Without a fight held vast territories . Persians retreating over . Finally the army came to be proud of. In the old-fashioned city fortress kept the royal transport . Her reins were secure so sprucely that no one could loose the burl . But there freehanded that the king of this country will be the one who will be able to untie the unravel . When Alexander found out about th e chariot , then wanted to see it, and comprehend - untie the knot . But the site does not untie , and Alexander cut it with a sword. This made Alexander as heir to the Phrygian kings.\n\nNext King sent to Cilicia . Capturing the Cilician Gates , Alexander receives news that Darius get over the Euphrates and entered into Syria. He had a huge army - maybe. the biggest of all who have ever had in Asia. Darius decided to give battle near the town of Sohee , accept that Alexander is there, in fact the king was in Cilicia. consequently Darius pass through the Lions went to Cilicia , while Alexander locomote to Sohee through Iss . The Persian king first realize curious position and began to pursue Alexander, who had heard about it in Issa . The Persians were in a place where could not use their mathematical advantage . By two oclock in the afternoon , Alexander finished preparing for battle and signaled the attack . fight took place with change success until , until the king with their riders were not in the rear of the scrap marines . Towards riders bodyguards rushed Darius, but they were so fewer in routine that they are immediately crushed . Darius was in the thick of battle and instead . to lead the army , he seized with panic vexation , fled from the battlefield. Persians resistance was broken. some(prenominal) sides suffered heavy losses , even Alexander was slightly hurt .\n\nMacedonians captured booty : not only the camp of the Persians, but overly family Great King , his mother, wife and children. event of the battle decided not to troops and commanders personal qualities . For Alexander were now open all the way . Its purpose was to Phoenicia .\n\nOne after another, the city bowed to Alexander. The most powerful of the cities - tire sent his messengers to the king , who said Tyr wants to cover neutral or equal to cerebrate an alliance with Alexander , but he does not agree to comply . King embraced anger, and he decided to conquer the ci ty . tire was on the island and a half kilometers from the mainland. First, Alexander plan to build a huge decameter on the mainland to the island . But that idea failed. Only by corporate trust the Phoenician and woman of the street fleet in his hands , the king managed to beat Tyrian fleet and shoot the city from the sea.\n\nAlexander could be pleased with their success . For eighteen eld he conquered the entire Middle einsteinium - from the Taurus to Egypt. afterward the conquest of Tyre , Alexander could not postpone the march to Egypt. Besides, he wanted to give Darius time to gather a new army with all of national Asia , then one hit Alexander intended to deal with all at once . At this time the king Darius sent some(prenominal) letters in which first requires , and then asks to return his family. Alexander response was: practice to me as to the true lord of all Asia . If you appear in front of me , youll get the mother , spouse, children, some(prenominal) you want, if you ask me , you will have been given. 1\n\nFinally , in November 332 BC Alexander arrived in Egypt , where he was formally take. briefly the Egyptian priests state him Pharaoh. In Egypt, Alexander began building a new city, which was named Alexandria, who was an big creation of the king. Alexander and Alexandria had a great influence on the fate of the Egyptians. Until now, the people remained in isolation, but put an end to Alexandria . New Hellas moved to the Nile Delta , Egypt and made open to the rest of his wealthiness ecumene . Work fellahin had to go to benefit the Greeks , Empire, and later the rest of the world.\n\nIt has been near two years between the battle of Issus and new battle Alexander and Darius at Gaugamela . This time had the great king to raise an army , superior Macedonian no less than five times . stretch the Gaugamela , Alexander gave his troops to rest, and the Persians , on the contrary , all night split with arms and felt tired . Persians w aited for the attack , but Alexander turned his army to the right, towards the south. because Darius gave orders to his army to attack . When performing this maneuver a gap front - center and left flank, which was quickly modify by the armies of Alexander , drove to the center - to Darius . If Darius was at that time headed the attack, he undoubtedly would have won the battle. But he as well as once at Issa met with Alexander , and , fearing death, fled . Alexander tried , but could not catch up with Darius. After the mastery at the Battle of Gaugamela, Alexander proclaimed king of Asia . directly his empire attracted centers - sublime Babylon and Susa in the first place - the main residence of the Achaemenid and the treasury . In Babylon , Alexander entered as victor of his chariot . In Susa , he held a symbolic sacrament - sat on the throne of the Achaemenids . But there was still alive the last Achaemenid - Darius . Alexander was in a hastiness . He walked without stopp ing , but when reached the target, the enemy was killed by his own former associates . Reaching Darius , or alternatively his corpse , Alexander took his cloak and flung it over the dead , cover him . Here is revealed the enormity of the whole enterprise conceived king . finale cloak symbolized nonentity more and naught less than an tone-beginning to eliminate the complete(a) confrontation between East and western hemisphere .\n\nWith the death of Darius Alexander policy was aimed at awakening the diverse forces of the East, as it was necessary to create a future empire . In court religious rite began to spread out eastern elements . Alexander began to wear Persian clothes and brought the Persians in the palace guard . He tried to enter his retinue proskinezu , ie adopted in Persia ritual genuflection before the lord followed by a kiss. But the proud Greeks and Macedonians , who saw the king only first among equals , did not take this humiliating ritual for them and th e idea of ​​the introduction of Alexander prskinezy failed. But despite this , the impression produced by the king of his contemporaries, was huge. professedly there were disgruntled Alexander , for moral , five squires conspired to kill the king. Boys decided to take his life in a dream , but Alexander saved elongated feast. Then the pages blabbed , were captured and penalize .\n\nAfter complete a serial of activities whose purpose was to break the spiritual resistance, which grew in the Macedonian and Greek environment , Alexander ventured into new conquests . This time his target was India . In the summer of 327 BC began his Indian campaign . After conquering the border provinces and fortresses Aorn spring 326 BC Alexander was preparing to cross the Indus . There began Wonderland . In northern Punjab subordinate king had three great Rajas . One of them - Por Alexander refused to obey . Then dared to act, which after Gaugamela not dare anyone: he went on t he field of battle against the enemy who knew no defeats . entrench on the banks of Hydaspes , without giving Alexander to cross the river . But the king crossed with part of his troops in place, hidden from the look of the enemy rain forest and river island. Alexander first met cavalry and chariots , commanded by the son s time . After defeating them, the king moved on and met his superior in strength in numbers is time . Alexander won this battle, not even all deploying battle orders , but only by the cavalry and gipaspistov . The victory was achieved give thanks to the purposeful use of cavalry and gipaspistov inwardness the fight at the right time . It was the most brilliant battle ever occurred in history.\n\nNow the main goal was to open a shipping Alexander on the Indus . For this it was necessary to subdue incompatible malliytsev and oksidrakov . To break these most hardened Indian warriors took a brilliant martial art. When you fight with them , namely in the storming of a town , Alexander virtually lost his life . King of one of the first over the wall and ended up with three of his soldiers surrounded . Alexander was wounded in the lung, but continued to fight until he fainted from loss of blood. Having conquered malliytsev and oksidrakov , ended river expedition Alexander down the Indus . In the summer of 325 BC completed a campaign in India.\n\nThereafter, until his death the king did not move more military campaigns , spending his time in the commission of the empire , which he began to possess . Alexander gave a lot of time feasts that a lot erupts into drinking. Once, after returning(a) from the feast arranged by his assistant Niarchos , Alexander felt not only fatigue, but also heat . Then came the attack, high feverishness and utter helplessness , so characteristic of malaria. Short bouts between attacks pointed to the fact that the king was ill most severe form of malaria (malaria tropica). Every day in the put up of the patien t became quieter. look forward to was gone. 28 desiya evening (around June 13), Alexander died .'