Tuesday, December 31, 2019

Industry Analysis For Kraft Heinz Crystal Light Essay

Industry Analysis for Kraft Heinz Crystal Light By: Jenna Senn, Carly Schlager, Ellie Fiskio, Kevin Rosser, and Colin Barsella Table of Contents Company and Brand History†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 SWOT Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Environmental Scanning/Market Summary Consumer and Social Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...9 Economic Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...10 Technological Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....11 Competition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............11 Other Factors†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 V. Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...12 Company And Brand History of Kraft Heinz/Crystal Light Crystal Light is a brand of flavored powdered drink mix. It is a low-calorie beverage mix that is used to change the flavor of the water. It is sweetened with a combination of aspartame, acesulfame potassium, sucralose, and or sugar. Crystal Light is a brand within the Kraft Heinz company. Crystal Light was originally launched in 2004 with their single-serve â€Å"On the Go† packets. They were for flavoring one beverage and taking it wherever you wanted to go. Eventually, in 2009, it was redesigned and became available in multi-serve packages, for flavoring larger drinks. Then, in 2010, Kraft came out with a new design for Crystal Light called Pure Fitness. It is a naturally sweetened low-calorie fitness drink mix sweetened with sugar and Truvia, and is currentlyShow MoreRelatedPorters 5 on Kraft Foods1703 Words   |  7 Pagesis the president of kraft His 7 step bussiness model is to drive growth is DISCOVERY: find out what works STRATEGY: focus through lenses VISION: find a simple hook EXECUTION: clarify and deligate ORGANIZATION: build collaborative networks METRICS: manage numbers and tell stories Headquartered in Northfield, Illinois, Kraft Foods (KFT) is the largest food and beverage company in the U.S., and is the second biggest worldwide. Kraft was founded in 1903 by James L. Kraft and, after inventingRead MoreKraft Foods11755 Words   |  48 PagesINTEGRATED COMPANY ANALYSIS Andy Fleming †¢ Laura Hausfeld †¢ Brett Hoerz †¢ Anna Lyman †¢ Eduardo Saenz DECEMBER 15, 2010 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY COMPANY OVERVIEW COMPETITOR OVERVIEW GLOBAL GROWTH STRATEGY - â€Å"HITTING OUR SWEET SPOT† OREO IN INDIA: MARKETING ANALYSIS TARGET SEGMENT POSITIONING MARKETING MIX (PRODUCT, PLACEMENT, PROMOTION, PRICING) COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 3 3-4 4 4-5 5 6 6-8 8 8 8-9 9 9-11 11 12 13 14 14-15 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30-31Read MoreProcessed Cheese and Kraft Foods30876 Words   |  124 PagesKraft Foods 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary(KH) 6 Indroduction(ME) 7 Background/ History of Kraft (ME) 7 Mission Statement(ME) 8 Major Goals(ME) 12 Business(ME) 12 Corporate and Environmental Philosophy(ME) 12 Mission Statement Analysis(ME) 13 Strategic Evolution(KH) 13 Intended Strategies(KH) 14 Emergent Strategies(KH) 16 Stakeholders(CB) 20 Internal(CB) 20 External(CB) 22 Kraft’s Organization and Structure (YL) 23 Purpose of the Report(KH) 26 ExternalRead MoreKraft Annual Report99993 Words   |  400 PagesKRAFT FOODS INC (KFT) 10-K Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15(d) Filed on 02/28/2011 Filed Period 12/31/2010 UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 (Mark one) FORM 10-K [X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 OR [ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 1-16483 Kraft Foods Inc. (ExactRead MorePricing for Convenience Goods12585 Words   |  51 Pagesproduct life cycle. 5. Identify the stages in the new-product development process. 6. Describe how products are identified. 7. Outline the different types of pricing objectives. 8. Discuss how prices are set in the marketplace. 9. Explain how breakeven analysis can be used in pricing strategy. 10. Differentiate between skimming and penetration pricing strategies. 12-2 Product and Pricing Strategies Chapter Overview [CH 12 product Bundle of physical, service, and symbolic attributes designedRead MoreAccounting 1-4 Chapter100452 Words   |  402 Pagesâ€Å"rigged.† Similarly, people won’t â€Å"play† the stock market if they think stock prices are rigged. In recent years the financial press has been full of articles about financial scandals at Enron, WorldCom, HealthSouth, and AIG. As more scandals came to light, a mistrust of financial reporting in general seemed to be developing. 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MyManagementLab Access a host of interactive learning aids to help strengthen your understanding of the chapter concepts at www.mymanagementlab.com cott Nicholson sits alone in his parents’ house in suburban BostonRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesto Statistics and Data Analysis This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis Third Edition Roxy Peck California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Chris Olsen George Washington High School, Cedar Rapids, IA Jay Devore California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Australia †¢ Brazil †¢ Canada †¢ Mexico †¢ Singapore †¢ Spain †¢ United Kingdom †¢ United States Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis, Third Edition Roxy Peck

Monday, December 23, 2019

Causes And Consequences Of Marine Organisms - 1422 Words

INTRODUCTION Anthropogenic CO2 release into the atmosphere has led to increasing temperatures in the atmosphere and in the ocean (CITA). Greater amounts of CO2 is causing the oceans to become more acidic (Caldeira Wickett, 2003; Ross et al., 2011). Oceans capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere is making them become more acidic (Caldeira Wickett, 2003; Portner, 2008) Oceans’ average surface temperature are predicted to rise up to 1.5 C by 2050 and 3 C by 2100 (Donelson et al., 2011; PONER MAS CITAS), simultaneously oceans’ surface pH will decrease from a level of 8.1–8.2 by 0.3–0.5 units by 2100 (pH 7.6–7.9) and 0.7–0.77 units by 2300 (pH 7.33–7.5) (Caldeira Wickett, 2003; Donelson et al., 2011). These variations in the†¦show more content†¦Elevated temperatures aggravate oxygen limitation by leading to a higher demand of it from species and by reducing its solubility causing fish with larger individuals to be more thermally sensitive to oceans’ warming (Neuheimer et al., 2011; Pà ¶rtner, 2008; Pà ¶rtner Knust, 2006; Rodnick et al., 2004). In addition eggs and larvae of some fish species have been observed to have narrower thermal windows. In larvae this is due to their small body size, higher metabolic rate, and lower energy reserves (Pà ¶rtner Farrel, 2008; Rijnsdorp et al., 2009). If all size groups are affected within a population, abundance, recruitment success and productivity can be negatively affected (Neuheimer et al., 2011; Pà ¶rtner Knust, 2006). Some species have the capacity to acclimate to changes in temperatures. Acclimation is the organisms’ capacity to modify phenotypical traits that alter their physiology, behaviour or morphology to fit the environmental conditions (Donelson et al., 2011). According to Agilleta (2009, in Donelson et al., 2011) there are two types of acclimation, reversible and developmental. Reversible acclimation refers to the controlled responses to daily or seasonal environmental fluctuations; while developmental acclimation involves the permanent

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Olaudah Equiano a Narrator of Persuasion Free Essays

In The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Olaudah Equiano skillfully represents the equal capabilities of nobility and intelligence from the African people forced into slavery. While his writing is steeped with a high acumen and earnestness, there is also a lingering sense of withholding that comes forth to the modern reader. Between the time of Equiano’s tribulations and the time he penned his narrative, it was not the belief of the majority of Americans and Europeans that such slavery was wrong or evil–obvious by its long-standing practice. We will write a custom essay sample on Olaudah Equiano: a Narrator of Persuasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now While our society today is much more privy to the certain horrors that occurred during the era of slavery, the people of this time were not so enlightened or understanding. This narrative was ever so delicate in order to make the readers accept the imminent need for emancipation of slaves. While his subject matter is a necessary base to his argument of equality for slaves, the true means of persuasion come from his tone and understanding of how exactly to address the white readership at the time of publication. His narrative is painstakingly tactful in the execution of such a tale during such a time. Equiano administers small doses of his hardships, tempered with his lightened, distanced recall, as well as his accounted fondness of the kind few he met throughout his journeys. By this systematic manner of narration, this piece works harder at being a persuasive work rather than a blunt historical account. The first thing to consider when reading this narrative is the calmness that constantly prevails in Equiano’s tone. He keeps a rather composed demeanor in relation to the tumultuous events he describes. For example, when he explains the process of the buying market, he writes: â€Å"On a signal given (as the beat of a drum), the buyers rush at once into the yard where the slaves are confined, and make choice of the parcel they like best. † (1231). Instead of giving in completely with the emotional charge such a scene would produce, he removes himself to continue an unruffled tone. He sets the scene with this sentence before further developing the horrors in order to ease the reader into it. The use of the word â€Å"parcel† within this analogy puts him at a distance from the situation which further enables a calmer tone. Calm–yet the comparison of the slaves to â€Å"parcels† is still gripping by its reduction of people to mere idea of a package or item nonetheless. By extracting himself and explaining from a removed point of view, he can relate the events in an easier manner for the edification of the reader. As he continues with the explanation of the buyers market, he renders an almost clinical tone in order to suppress an all too emotional or frenzied retelling. He later states, â€Å"In this manner, without scruple, are relations and friends separated, most of them never to see each other again. † (1231). For such a terrifying thing, he remains short and to the point. Equiano does not over indulge in describing these events he experienced, but delivers them in a balance of composure for the palpability of the reader. While his tone enables the reader to take in his story without being overwhelmed with the harshness of his tale, he also continually addresses the reader personally, which imbues a deeper connection between author and reader. Equiano spends a deal relaying background information as to his own personal roots and heritage in order to impart a further sense of himself to the reader. Immediately after doing so, he states, â€Å"I hope the reader will not think I have trespassed on his patience in introducing myself to him, with some account of the manners and customs of my country. † (1222). He takes great care in endearing himself to the reader in order to enhance their reception of him, especially as he is in the delicate position of being a representation of the slave population as well. In his efforts of persuasion, his image is of the utmost importance to his cause, therefore such declarations are helpful. Within such small statements he delivers and air of compassion and conscientiousness towards the reader. He later addresses the reader once again when he finally receives the document expressing his freedom: â€Å"As the form of my manumission has something peculiar in it, and expresses the absolute power and dominion one man claims over his fellow, I shall beg leave to present it before my readers at full length. † (1238). Here he shows the reader how earnestly he wishes them to know all that he has to share. This direct dialect towards the readers invites them to be a participant of his narrative by actively considering their thoughts and feelings. Equiano is very astute in making these requests to the reader because it fosters a feeling of connection to the material and a relation to the author. The more he succeeds in fortifying the bond between author and reader, the more he succeeds in ultimately persuading them to see how important it is that others like himself be free from such painful events. The most clever action Equiano employs in his narrative is his told exclusion. As he lays out the horrors he suffered during his passage across seas– stench, sickness, starvation, abuse, deaths–the vision becomes very terrifying and depressing. Today, it is known that these instances are only superficial to the true extent of the horrors on these slave ships, but such matters were far too delicate to publish at the time, and many people would most likely have rejected such a story as a fallacy. Equiano writes, â€Å"In this manner we continued to undergo more hardships than I can now relate, hardships which are inseparable from this accursed trade. † (1230). While it seems like a simple statement, it works on the minds of the readers in a way that is fulfilling to Equiano’s objective. He leaves out the greater hardships, yes, but he lets the reader know that he did, and warns them that they were ultimately worse than they could handle. Much like in a movie when a scene cuts from something scandalizing, the implication is enough to stir the viewer. Equiano employs this same device in his narrative. After telling in detail the more superficial horrors, he delivers an image to the reader that is enough to offset them without turning them away, but they still do not fully understand at this point. Insinuating there is far more instills an uncomfortable nagging within the reader as to what exactly Equiano is leaving out. Equiano also assuages the reader by including white individuals of heroic character that he encountered. The element of race is of course very strong within such a text. Here, an emancipated African is addressing a large white readership about his struggles against his white oppressors–nothing short of sensitive. By showing his lack of bias towards race, but appreciation for character, he develops an sense of neutrality that is inviting for the readers. The reader’s first encounter with a very upright white character is Richard Baker. In Equiano’s description of him, he writes, â€Å"He was a native of America, had received an excellent education, and was the most amiable temper. † (1233). These are all characteristics that many readers would perhaps use in their own descriptions most likely, making him a relatable figure. His dynamic changes when Equiano later describes their relationship: â€Å"Soon after I went on board, he showed me a great deal of partiality and attention, and in return I grew extremely fond of him. We at length became inseparable; and, for the space of two years, he was of very great use to me, and was my constant companion. † The relationship of these two men was not just of distant appreciation, but he says they were companions. He portrays to the reader an honest, mutually rewarding friendship between a white man and a black man. This was not exactly a conventional friendship of the time, and he goes to describe their interactions with one another, between education, and the trials they faced aboard the ship where they would cling to each other when in fear. Richard Baker is not portrayed as one who elevated himself above Equiano, but treated him like an equal. His characterization is one to be admired by readers. When Richard dies, he continues his description of him while relating the sadness of his loss: â€Å". . . I lost at once a kind interpreter, an agreeable companion, and a faithful friend; who, at the age of fifteen, discovered a mind superior to prejudice; and who was not ashamed to notice, to associate with, and to be the friend and instructor of . . . a slave! † (1233). In this statement, he shows the reader a tie between his nature and his morals; he was a noble person who did not accept belittling or segregating blacks into a category outside his own humanity. Richard Baker is a very important character to the objective of Equiano because he serves as a template for the readers to aspire to. Another important white character is Robert King, the one who allows Equiano to finally purchase his freedom. With Robert, it is not as much his character that is the focus, but his very vital action which draws admiration. When Equiano finally brings Robert the forty pounds sterling for his freedom, he writes â€Å"My master then said he would not be worse than his promise; and, taking the money, told me to go to the Secretary at the Register Office, and get my manumission drawn up. These words of my master were like a voice from heaven to me. † (1237). This is a very indispensable part of Equiano’s story because it is the very apex on which his struggling as one who is owned is overturned. Robert gains nobility in securing a way for Equiano to gain such freedom. Through Robert King’s actions, the reader can see how monumental giving a slave their freedom can be. Equiano persevered through a great deal to accomplish this masterful narrative. What comes forth is a work of cunning that is highly thoughtful in its persuasiveness. As can be seen, he is very systematic in his way of pulling the readers into his narrative. He allows the reader to wade into his heartbreaking story by guiding them with a calm tone, then endears himself by establishing a personal dialect. The usual author to reader relationship is brought to a human to human level. Equiano’s shrewdness in knowing what should be shared and what to leave as implications for the reader to administer their own imagination to. By this discernment he delivers a novel that works accordingly with the sensitivity of the time. He delivers relatable characters to the white readership that establish not only a further way to connect to the story, but also an example of conduct and treatment white people should extend to the black people and slaves. While the story is important to showing the readers how horrible the forced life and trading of slaves is, it is his technique and devices of narrating that deliver this from a story of tribulation to a motivator for change. How to cite Olaudah Equiano: a Narrator of Persuasion, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen (1828

A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) Essay A Dolls House Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)A Dolls HouseHenrik Ibsen (1828-1906)Main CharactersTorvald Helmer He is a lawyer who hasbeen promoted to manager in the bank. Nora She is Torvalds wife who is treatedlike a child by Torvalds but leaves in the end because of it. Krogstad He is the man Nora borrowedmoney from to pay for the trip to Italy. Dr. Rank He is an admirer of Nora whohas spinal TB and announces his death at the end of the play. Minor CharactersChristine Linde She is an old friendof Nora who comes to Nora and asks her to ask her husband for a job. The children Nora plays with her childrenand treats them like dolls. SettingHelmers Apartment The entire play takesplace at the apartmentTorvalds study a door leads from thestage into an imaginary room which is Torvalds study where some off-stageaction takes place. Ballroom This is where Nora danced theTarantella. PlotThe story starts on Christmas eve. Nora makes preparation for Christmas. While she eats macaroons, Dr. Rank and Mrs. Linde enters. Rank goes to speak with Torvald whileLinde speaks with Nora. Linde explains that her husband has diedand that she needs to find a job. Nora agrees to ask her husbandto give Linde a job at the bank. Nora tells her about borrowing moneyto pay for the trip to Italy for her and her husband. She explainsthat Torvald doesnt know that she paid for it. Rank leaves the studyand begins to speak with Nora and Linde. He complains about the moralcorruption in society. Krogstad arrives and goes to the study totalk to Torvald about keeping his job. A few minutes later, he leavesand Rank comments that Krogstad is one of the most morally corrupt peoplein the world. Rank and Linde leaves and Krogstad reenters. He tells Nora to ask her husband to keep Krogstad, or else he will revealNoras crime of forgery. Krogstad leaves and when Torvald reenters,Nora asks him not to fire Krogstad. Torvald says that he must firehim because of his dishonesty and because he gave Krogstads job to Linde. Torvald returns to his study. The Nurse, Anne-Marie, enters and givesNora her ball gown. Anne-Marie explains that she had to leave herchildren to take the job taking care of Nora. Anne-Marie leaves. Linde returns and begins to help Nora with stitching up her dress. They talk for a while about Dr. Rank. Torvald enters and Linde leavesto the nursery. Nora asks Torvald again not to fire Krogstad andTorvald refuses. He gives Krogstads pink slip to the maid to bemailed to Krogstad. Torvald leaves to his study. Rank entersand tells Nora about his worsening illness. They talk and flirt fora while. Rank tells Nora that he loves her. Nora said thatshe never loved Rank and only had fun with him. Rank leaves to thestudy and Krogstad enters. He is angry about his dismissal and leavesa letter to Torvald explaining Noras entire crime in the letter box. Nora is frightened. Nora tells Linde about the matter and Linde assuresher that she will talk to Krogstad and set things straight. Lindeleaves after Krogstad and Rank and Torvald enter from the study. They help Nora practice the tarantella. After practice, Rank andTorvald exists. Linde enters and tells Nora that Krogstad left town,but she left a note for him. Nora tells her that shes waiting fora miracle to happen. That night, during the dance, Linde talks toKrogstad in Helmers apartment. She explains to him that she lefthim for money, but that she still loves him. They get back togetherand Krogstad decides to forget about the whole matter of Noras borrowingmoney. However, Linde asks Krogstad not to ask for his letter backsince she thinks Torvald needs to know of it. Both leave and Torvaldand Nora enter from the dance. Torvald checks his letter box andfinds some letters and two Business cards from Dr. Rank with black crosseson them. Nora explains that they mean that Rank is announcing hisdeath. After the bad news, Torvald enters his study and Nora preparesto leave. However, before she can get out the door, she is stoppedby Torvald who read Krogstads letter. He is angry and disavow s hislove for Nora. The maid comes with a letter. Torvald read theletter which is from Krogstad. It says that he forgives Nora of hercrime and will not reveal it. Torvald burns the letter along withthe IOU that came with it. He is happy and tells Nora that everythingwill return to normal. Nora changes and returns to talk with Helmer. .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 , .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .postImageUrl , .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 , .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:hover , .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:visited , .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:active { border:0!important; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:active , .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2 .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7280bbcb3aa5204f25b87edcfab5d1d2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Theoretical Perspectives Of HRM For Ryanair Commerce EssayShe tells him that they dont understand each other and she leaves him. Symbolsblack hat and black cross symbolizesdeathFisher girl costume symbolizes Noraspretending to enjoy her life. Italy symbolizes the good false imageof Noras life. Norway symbolizes reality. Doll House symbolizes the tendency ofthe characters to play roles. Toys symbolizes the act of pushing theroles onto Noras children. Macaroons symbolizes Noras deceit toher husband. Tarantella symbolizes Noras agitationat her struggle with Krogstad and with her husband. Christmas tree symbolizes the mood ofthe play. Stockings symbolizes Noras attitudetrying to please men and her flirting with Rank. Letter box and letter symbolizes a trapfor Nora and the cause of her demise. embroidery symbolizes the stereotypespressed on woman. ring symbolizes the marriage, and theend of it. skylark symbolizes the way that Torvaldtreats Nora like a child. StyleIbsen writes typical of the ways that thecharacters might talk in relation to their position and their relationshipwith each other. For example, the way that Torvald speaks with Norashows that he condescends to her and that Nora enjoys it. Krogstadspeaks sternly but softens up when Linde tell him she still loves him. Dominant PhilosophyA person cant be happy when falling intothe mold of someone else. To be happy, one must be oneself and knowoneself. Since all of Noras life, she followed right behind herfather and her husband, she did not know herself and had to leave to learn. QuotesHELMER: My little songbird mustntdroop her wings. Whats this? Is little squirrel sulking?Torvald asks this to Nora after she returned from shopping at the startof the play. NORA: Ive the most extraordinarylonging to say: ?Bloody hell!' Nora says this to Rank and Lindeexpressing her desire to rebel against her husband. RANK: Oh, a lawyer fellow calledKrogstad you wouldnt know him. Hes crippled all right; morallytwisted. But even he started of by announcing, as thought it werea matter of enormous importance, that he had to live. Rank tellsthis to Nora and Linde expressing his philosophy about morally corruptpeople corrupting society using Krogstad as an example. NORA: Never see him again. Never. Never. Never. Never see the children again. Them too. Never. never. Oh the icy black water! Oh that bottomless that -! Oh, if only it were all over! Nowhes got it hes reading it. Oh, no, no! Not yet! Goodbye,Torvald! Goodbye, my darlings. Nora says this to herself whenTorvald had left to his study to read the mail. She prepares to leaveand possibly commit suicide.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Human Rights free essay sample

The Act that rules this situation is the Disability Act 2006 which aims to protect disabled people and prevent all disability from discrimination; it provides legal rights for people with disabilities in areas that include: employment, accommodation, buying and renting land property, access to premises used by the public, administration of commonwealth government laws and programs, activities of clubs and associations, sports, education and access to goods, services and facilities. This Act applies to this situation because the organisation is discriminating against Theresa by not wanting to serve Theresa access to the day program for a reason in which relates to her disability. There aren’t any sentencing involved with this act but you can make a complaint to the commission about the discrimination and they will deal with the matter appropriately and try to seek equality and justice. The commission’s aim is to protect and promote the human rights of all Australians and they work under the following acts; Age Discrimination Act 2004, Disability Discrimination Act 1992, Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986, Sex Discrimination Act 1986 and the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The commission handle the complaint through a process called ‘conciliation’. The outcome of conciliation can vary depending on the severity and the circumstances of the complaint but the outcome may include an apology, compensation for lost wages, the introduction of anti discrimination training and/or practical changes to facilities and services. To deal with this issue in an ethical manner the worker must consider the claimants and each person who is likely be affected by the overall outcome. This is the client who you are responsible for, the major Disability organisation, the service provider, the worker from the house assist and the agency that you work for. The ‘claimant’ approach highlights our obligations and outlines any of the possible consequences that may occur, and then we can ensure that we are taking the reasonable steps to avoid the risk of any unjustified harm to others that may be involved. The next step is to consider what your agency expects from you, these can be things such as any agency precedents, to uphold professional standards, follow and stay guided by the agency policies and procedures and are there any supervisory requirements? Some of these rules will restrict a number of the options that are available but will help find the best resolution for the overall outcome. You also have to think about what your professional practice expectations of you are; the profession expects you to abide by their pacific code of ethics and also to up hold yourself in a professional behaviour at all times. The next thing is to consider is which would be the best course of action to take to get the best outcome for all persons involved. In this situation some of the options are; make a formal complaint to the commission regarding the discrimination made by the organisation against Theresa? Contact the Major Disability Organisation and talk to a service worker and try to come to a mutual agreement that is most suitable and that agree with both the organisation and Theresa’s needs? Or Theresa stops attending the day program and finds another organisation that may be able to suit her needs better? After all the options are identified, analyse each one and make a tentative decision on the one that’s best to choose. When analysing the options you need to examine all the consequences that may occur for each option, you must consider what actions will be implicated? Will any of the persons involved be at harm and If so how? What agency, legal or professional requirements would invalidate any course of action? For example 1. Making a formal complaint against the organisation may take a long time and will involve the commission investigating the manner. . Contacting the Major Disability Organisation and talking to a worker you may not be able to come to an agreement therefore Theresa won’t be able to attend the day art program anymore 3. If Theresa leaves the organisation the workers from house may not be able to assist Theresa with accessing another one that could be further away or more expensive. After analysing all the different options provided and you have weighed up all of the good and the bad possible outcomes that may come from them. Review your ecision once again and choose which one is most suitable and that you are going to go forward with. Think about what actions that you will need to take to have them in place, The most suitable option in this situation would be to have the worker from the agency contact that major Disability Organisation on Theresa’s behalf and to discuss and negotiate with one of the service workers about what they would like to see as an outcome and to see if you come up with a mutual agreement with them in a professional manner that leaves all persons involved happy and agrees on the outcome. If that option then doesn’t work to make a formal complaint to the commission about the unfair discrimination that has been put against Theresa. Now that the decision has been decided you are then ready to justify your decision and present it to your agency supervisor. Human Rights free essay sample The end of the cold war has shaped a succession of uncertain events that aimed to identifying a new world order. To this point, the single firmness is that the international community has gone into a period of a remarkable global transition that has caused more social problems than solutions. The end of the super-power challenge, the growing disproportion in wealth and the access to resources, correspond with a worrying increase in violence, poverty and unemployment. This atmosphere of change raises new challenges to our continuing search of universal human rights. How can human rights resolve its differences with the conflict of cultures that has come to represent the current world? Cultural background is one of the major sources of identity. The latter is considered as a symbol of self-definition and expression. As cultures interact, cultural identities change. This itinerary can be inspiring, but it is also disorienting. The current uncertainty of cultural identity translates the basic changes in how a human defines and expresses who he is today. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some questions and concerns remain inevitable in this manner as they highlight the ebate over universal human rights and cultural relativism (a concept that refers to the fact that what is regarded as true, valued, or expected in one social system may not be so in another): How can universal human rights exist in a culturally diverse world? Is a global culture unavoidable? If this is the case, is the world prepared for it? Many eastern point of views have argued that the request for the global recognition of human rights symbolizes the imposition of Western principles and values on other civilizations. For instance, the censorship of the press may be more tolerable n eastern societies (such as the Middle East region) because of its bigger emphasis on discipline and order. Hence, what validity is there to the argument that human rights are a western imposition? Are human rights advocates in the region cultural imperialists? Before embarking in this dilemma, it is essential to consider the cultural imperialisms supporting arguments and its opposing arguments. II Cultural imperialism: benefits and drawbacks The idiom imperialism itself has a negative sound to it as it means imposing the influences and the beliefs of the stronger culture, cultural invasion in other terms. First of all, imperialism is accused of enforcing a specific way of life; it somehow underlines control and dominance (All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience article 1 of UDHR). Moreover, it strips away a populations identity. Besides, labor was discriminated and torced into slavery, mostly in Atrica, India and Sudan (No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms article 4 of UDHR). As a final point, most traditional cultures languages faded away. However, it has guided several smaller countries towards development and expansion: many superpowers have introduced developed means of transportation, have provided new healthcare facilities, have encouraged education (Everyone has the right to education article 26 of UDHR) and scientific thinking; they have also influenced smaller nations by introducing them to modern technology and this lead toa boost in their economy. In addition to that, in order to ensure political stability, cultural imperialism acquainted smaller countries with the concept of democratic elections (Everyone has the right to take part in the overnment of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives article 21 of UDHR). In this matter, considering human rights as a western imposition may neglect and disregard the fact that human rights advocates dont always refer to cultural imperialists, as they may provide smaller countries with various advantages and conveniences by trying to assure the practice of their rights. Ill Non- Western point of view Within the international debate on human rights that has improved over the past two decades, the Islamic countries of the Middle East have occupied a certain position oncerning human rights resulting from the particular religious character of their societies and beliefs. Specific questions are frequently raised regarding the Islamic traditions. Due to the incident of current political conflicts and disagreements, in the Middle Eastern countries in particular, the Islamic culture is often described as being fundamentally narrow-minded and argumentative toward individual freedom. While recent developments in human rights may undoubtedly be used to give an explanation for foreign military interventions on humanitarian grounds, human rights law also keeps tight restriction on the abusive power of the state and protects the freedom of the individual. Are these freedoms considered as drawn from the West and thus limited in their application? Some states affiliated to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) appear to approve the aforementioned thought: according to its charter, the OIC aims to preserve Islamic social and economic values. As a reaction to their previous stance, Islamic states drafted the Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam in the 1980s, as an alternative declaration. The Islamic challenge nas been there trom the sta n e UDHR was being drafted in 1947, the Saudi Arabian delegation brought up an objection to Article 16 that is associated to free marriage choice in addition to article 18 concerning the freedom of religion. Middle East Islamic states deny many rights such as: the rights of women, the rights of non-believers, the rights of people deemed to be apostates and the question of punishments. Recent examples of obvious conflict with international norms include the treatment of non-Muslim minorities in Islamic states and the persecution of writers whose opinions are said to offend Islam. For that reason, an assessment of the claims of the aforementioned states may uncover the general debate on human rights. In Asia for example, Singapore in particular, has productively integrated political authoritarianism with market capitalism. Singapores Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew has mentioned saying that Asians have little doubt that a society with communitarian values where the interests of society take precedence over that of the individual suits them better than the individualism of America. An Asian model theoretically places community and family ahead of ndividual rights and puts order prior to democracy and individual freedom. In the real world, there is no such thing called Asian model, since each of these societies has modernized in different ways, within dissimilar political traditions, and with contradictory degrees of market freedom. It is possible to conclude that Asian represent in a way, in addition to the Islamic culture and traditions, a challenge, civilization wise, to the hegemony of Western models. IV Conclusion Cultural imperialism is an expression used in debates and arguments in which ultural relativism is encouraged and normally considered as correct. In other terms, it is used by people who do not support nor agree with the idea that human rights are a western imposition: one cannot back up Western values if one believes that the cultural relativism values are completely accurate. The universal declaration of human rights was adopted and approved by several developing countries such as Lebanon, China and India that have highly contributed to its drafting. Consequently it is not fair to suggest that these rights have been imposed on them. In conclusion, here is dissimilarity between discouraging the violation of human rights in certain countries in the world and introducing human rights as essentially foreign to those aforesaid countries. As Justice Geoffrey Robertson Q. C. mentions: Freedom from torture and genocide, freedom from hunger and persecution, freedom to worship and to express opinions, the right to fairness at trial, and so on, are not western inventions they are your entitlement as a human being, whether you live in London or Nairobi, Timbuktu or Tuvalu. On this issue there can be no compromise, no excuse of cultural relativism.

Monday, November 25, 2019

telecommunications in health care with detailed speaker notes. Essays

telecommunications in health care with detailed speaker notes. Essays telecommunications in health care with detailed speaker notes. Essay telecommunications in health care with detailed speaker notes. Essay Submit a 10- to 12-slide Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation on telecommunications in health care with detailed speaker notes. The title and reference slides are not included in the slide count. The presentation must include:  · A description of telecommunications with examples of technology used in your workplace  · The advantages, disadvantages, and importance of telecommunications in health care  · Where you see telecommunications in 5 years  · At least five references from the University Library All key elements of the assignment are covered in a substantive way with detailed speaker notes for each slide. 2 Presentation includes a description of telecommunications with examples of technology used in your workplace. 3 Presentation includes the advantages, disadvantages and importance of telecommunications in healthcare. 4 Presentation covers where you see telecommunications in five years. 3 Presentation includes citations for a minimum of five references. 2 Organization/Development – 6 points possible The presentation has a structure that is clear, logical, and easy to follow 2 The presentation is directed toward the appropriate audience, and the tone is appropriate to the content and assignment. 1 Transitions between sections of the presentation aid in maintaining the flow of thought. 1 The content is comprehensive, accurate, and covers the subject well. 2 Mechanics – 5 points possible The presentation includes title page and a reference page. 1 Presentation is 10 to 12 sliides in length. 2 Spelling is correct. 1 Grammar, spell check, and writing style 1 Total (25 points possible): 25 0

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Tools of Monetary Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tools of Monetary Policy - Essay Example The effect of increasing the discount rate on the money supply is shown below in diagram 1. In part (a), the demand for reserves is not high enough and as a result there are no changes in the equilibrium reserve holdings. In part (b) there is a high demand for reserves and as a consequence, there is a decline in the equilibrium reserve holdings. Figure 1: Impact of increases in the discount rate In the diagram above, there is an increase in the discount rate from to . Consequentially the supply of reserves schedule rises from to . However, observe that in part (a) the demand for reserves are lower than in part (b). In particular the demand for reserves schedule is not high enough in part (a) to substantiate any efficacy of increasing the discount rate. In fact in such a scenario, a decline in the discount rate could have an impact by increasing the equilibrium reserve holdings if the rate is lowered below the bank rate. However, this will make sense if the resulting effect of increas ed money supply is the desired result. As a result, albeit the increase in the discount rate leads to a rise in the supply of reserves, there is no change in the equilibrium holdings. Thus, there is no discount lending in this case. In part (b) the increase in the supply of reserves leads to a reduction in the equilibrium discount reserve holdings from R0 to R1. Note that in this case lowering the discount rate would have had an impact as well but of the opposite kind. Alternatively, the central banking authority of an economy has to right of denying or controlling the amount of loans directly. Thus it has a control over the money supply of the nation directly via a control over the sanctioning of discount loans. In particular, loans forwarded to financial institutions by the central banks belong to any of the following three classes: a) primary loans, b) secondary loans and c) seasonal loans. Primary loans are the credit supplies to healthy or financially stable banks or financial institutions. Secondary credits are the loans that are forwarded with a designated purpose only in which the credit accepting institution can put the loan in use. Finally, seasonal loans are the short term credit that is forwarded under discount rates generally to help institutions overcome temporary liquidity shortages and emergencies. Thus by controlling the amount of reserves financial institutions have, the central bank can restrict the amount of money supply in the economy. How may central Bank help prevent bank panics by acting as a lender of last resort? Support your answer using examples of such events. Bank runs or panic runs to the bank are caused by the fear that the bank will become insolvent and will fail to return the amount of deposits. The central problem is that this has a cascading effect and actually becomes a self fulfilling prophesy since as the number of people withdrawing their funds increases, the liquidity of the bank decreases. Further with the number of wi thdrawals rising, other customers fearing insolvency also begin withdrawing their own deposits. Since banks never hold all of the depositors' money as reserves at any point of time, if a large number of customers begin withdrawing all their funds, the bank does become insolvent fast. This phenomenon was a central problem

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Contemporary issues in employment relations - topic EMPLOYEE Essay

Contemporary issues in employment relations - topic EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT - Essay Example As part of organization, engagement of employees in the process line of production and running of organizations defines important tool in ensuring improved performance and institutional productivity. McLeod and Clarke (2011, pg. 1) define employee engagement as creation of opportunities for workers to interact with manager, colleagues and the wider organization. Engagement in employment setting also involves creation of environment that motivates employees and makes them want to link with work and care about performing their tasks appropriately. McLeod and Clarke elaborate that engaged employees are aware of the fundamentals of operation of a given business as well as its objectives and goals. Engaged employees also understand frameworks of practice prescribed by the given organization in ensuring achievement of the goals and objectives of the organization. It is within these contexts that engaged employees work closely with their colleagues to improve job performance and maximize benefits for the given organization. According to McLeod and Clarke, it remains the responsibility of organization and its leadership to establish and nurture employee engagement that builds upon emplo yer-employee interrelationship. Effective employee engagement manifests through three items that include attitude, behavior and outcome. Attitude relates to feelings of loyalty and pride among employees that make them act responsibly and with great accountability. Behavior manifests when employees become great advocates of the individual organizations to clients or make extra efforts to complete a piece of task. Outcomes synonymous with effective employee engagement include low incidents of accident due to enhanced care when performing duties, higher productivity and reduced conflicts. In addition, outcomes also manifest through more innovativeness of employees, lower rates of sickness and few employee exits or resignations. McLeod and Clarke (2011, pg. 4) argue that

Monday, November 18, 2019

How comprehensive and abstinent only sex education differ and how Research Paper

How comprehensive and abstinent only sex education differ and how comprehensive is more informative and can help decrease the te - Research Paper Example However, differences on how to approach this subject have also emerged as a result as one group argues for the more traditional promotion of abstinence before marriage while the other advocates for a more direct approach of teaching where the youth are educated on all aspects concerning sex including protection against pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases (Cook & Clarke 228). Though the more orthodox promoters of sex education are worried that too much information at an early age may not be the wisest decision, the question remains what withholding information on topics such as safe sex will have on the youth as overall as studies have shown that more and more teenagers are engaging in sexual activities and thus if this trend cannot be stopped would it not be better to ensure that they are taking the needed precautions to protect them from unplanned pregnancies and contraction of STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Statistics have shown that the average age that individual s are losing their pregnancy is between 14 – 16 years of age which means that sex education will need to be introduced at an early age if it is to have the desired effect. This statistic is alarming considering that in the earlier years, studies conducted had shown that the average age at which virginity was lost was between 16 -18 years. This shows that a decrease of two years has taken place between the times these two studies were conducted; there is also fear that the age may continue decreasing which is a disturbing thought (Ott & Santelli 425). Abstinence only programs involve sex education with regard to its avoidance until one reaches the age of maturity (18-21 years) or preferably until one is married. This program focuses on encouraging the youth to shun any form of sexual interaction and teach on the dangers of unprotected sex such as unplanned pregnancies and incurable STIs in a bid to scare the youth straight so to speak. They do not offer any alternatives on how one is able to practice safe sex if they do decide to engage in such activities and mostly paint a scary picture on the consequences of having sex at an early age. The program has mostly been promoted by the conservative groups in the country including most religious factions as they feel any other mode of sex education will be in effect promoting the engaging of sexual activities among the youth (Cook & Clarke 236). Comprehensive sex education son the other hand focuses on all aspects involving sex education including its biology, human sexual behavior and the practice of safe sex as an alternative option. This type of sex education though considered unorthodox by the conservative groups have proved to be more effective within the schools as compared to the abstinence only programs in terms of preventing teen pregnancies. Comprehensive sex education includes teaching the use of condoms and other prevention

Saturday, November 16, 2019

History Of Massage And Massage Therapy Nursing Essay

History Of Massage And Massage Therapy Nursing Essay Massage therapy is the manipulation of the soft tissue on the body by a practitioner through the movement of their hands and arms as well as advanced techniques. Massage has been used to help people relax as well as a way to help treat minor ailments as a complement to other medication or treatment. As A Whirlwind Tour through the entire History of Massage webpage states Massage is a universal instinct. From the day they descended from the trees, humans have known that it helps to rub a sore limb and that to touch is beneficial. So since then we have used and developed the skills and techniques through the years into the massage routines we see and use today. History of Massage; Throughout ancient history many different countries have been using massage and developing their skills as well as passing these down through the years. They have been borrowed, stolen and shared through different times as well as different places geographically around the world, many of the different types of massages resemble each other as techniques have been copied, borrowed and shared. Pre-historic people used to practise some forms of therapeutic touch or massage as there has been evidence to suggest that they used to massage their muscles and rub herbs and oils onto their bodies to help with healing or to protect as this has been found in caveman paintings and drawings showing the giving and receiving of massage. After then the next stage that has been recorded in history to show the major use of massage where the Chinese in around 3000BC in a book called Con Fou of the Tao-Tse. As mentioned in the eBook History of Massage, Therapies Rules in China for years, blind people where the main masseurs. According to A Whirlwind Tour Through the entire history of Massage Chinese writing dates from around 1400BC, near the start of the Shang dynasty, and it from around this time that we can reliably date massage. It was in China that the first exam in massage was sat about fifteen hundred years later as an addition to the occult studies schools. Around the same times as China the Egyptians also used massage and this has been depicted in tomb paintings of individuals being Kneaded by others. The Japaneses received their knowledge from China through the study of Buddhism and soon customised the techniques which became known as anma, which later became Japanese Shiatsu. According to The history of Massag e: Learn How Massage Dates Back over 5,000 Years Ago The primary goal of Shiatsu is to raise the energy level in the patient. In turn, this increased energy level regulates and fortifies the functioning of the organs and stimulates natural resistance to illnesses. The practitioners use a variety of techniques to pressure points on the body to balance the energies and work without needles or other equipment to do so. However, some sources believe India was practicing massage before the Egyptians and the Chinese while others believe they might have acquired it from China a little later so the dates of when India first started to use any forms of massage range from around 3000BC to between 1.800-500BC. Massage in India is referred to in ancient Hindu books such as Ayurveda (Art of Life) which was written around 1800BC. It describes how movements such as shampooing and rubbing were used to relieve tiredness, increase energy levels and improve general health. Francesca Gould in Body Massage for Holistic Therapists (2004). After this stage in history the next step in the time line is around 2000BC when the Greeks and Romans first started to use massage in the early foundations of their civilisations. The ancient Greeks used the knowledge from the Egyptians massage techniques, and it was given to the athletes, women and soldiers as described in History of Massage, Therapies Rules. The Greeks wrote many books on massage including some written by Homer, Aesculapius, Herodotus and Hippocrates who was the Father of Medicine. It was the Greeks who used to rub up the body towards the heart to help the venous and lymph in that direction, they also used this technique to move sickness towards the centre of the body to where is can be expelled with the waste materials. The Romans however used massage as more of an indulgence than as a medical therapy; it was saved for those who could pay for it. The Romans received massage from the Greeks and enjoyed bathing before a full body massage and it was said that even Julius Caesar was pinched every day. The Roman gladiators were vigorously massaged before fights to make sure their muscles where warmed up and supple. Galen was the main figure in Rome for massage but he was actually Greek, according to A Whirlwind Tour through the History of Massage he lived from 130AD to 201AD and he acquired his knowledge of anatomy and physiology through working with the gladiators. Massage then was used as an alternative for exercise to help relive their excessive eating and drinking. Massage was used throughout the different tribes in North America before the Europeans arrived, some tribes would massage/rub down their warriors before and after battle or rub ointments into ailing joints or muscles. Massage has also been seen through a variety of different countries through history including those such as Persia, Kurdistan, Thailand, Tibet, Indonesia and Hawaii. The most recent history of massage can be seen is western civilisation. The earliest record was written by Ambroise Pare (1510-1590) but he was ridiculed for his publication. However by the time Henrik Ling (1776-1839) became the father of modern western massage it had become less of a ridicule. As the History of Massage, Therapies rules tell us Henrik Ling once put. We ought not to consider the organs of the body as the lifeless forms of a mechanical mass, he wrote, but as the living, active instruments of the soul. And through this he finally developed the system known as Swedish massage. Massage has now moved back towards the old holistic attributes instead of the physiological attributes so we are back to seeing massage in the same way as the ancient Chinese, Egyptians and Greeks once saw the therapy. As reported by The Massage Bible, during the first World War injured soldiers were treated with massage, while the Californian bodywork movement in the 1960s combined massage with personal growth. There are many different kinds of massage practiced today all over the world and many of them can be received by almost anyone unless they have a specific reason that it cannot be preformed. There are a few different people who have been in the forefront of massage in modern history and those are Cornelius E. Who is the Father of massage in the USA, David Palmer, the Father of chair massage, Dr Tiffany Fields, the Mother of massage research and Jack Meagher the Father of sports massage. In figure I. In the appendices is a time line of the history of massage along with the cre ation and history of other therapies this has been take from the eBook History of Massage, Therapies Rules. Massage Principles and Holistic Experience: To decide if massage is a holistic therapy first of all we need to know what holistic means and according to thefreedictionary.com Holistic means Concerned with wholes rather than analysis or separation into parts. And with this definition we shall determine whether or not massage is a holistic experience. A massage whether it is a Swedish, Shiatsu or any other form of massage moves across the whole surface of the skin missing only a few vital places which are left for either health and safety reasons or due to the intimacy of the area. Most massages that even just incorporate one certain area such as an Indian head massage or even reflexology they all use different points of that area to correspond with different areas or energies upon the body. With different energies running throughout in specific channels which move around the entire body, when a massage is preformed to the whole body or even just a small portion of the body such as the hands, feet or head all the energies are involved which in turn incorporates the body as a whole. With this in mind a massage can be believed to be Holistic as this matches with the definition of holistic in taking the body as a whole instead of a separation of its individual parts. There is only one reason as to not treat a certain part of the body and that is due to a contra-indication such as pregnancy where you would not touch or massage the abdominal area or is say someone had a fungal infection upon their feet you would not massage their feet and would move onto the next step of the massage itself. These contra-indications could be on a temporary basis or they could be permanent and therefore this client would not be able to receive a treatment. There are some contra-indications such as cancer, epilepsy and a few others which would need a doctors approval before a treatment could be carried out upon the client for insurance reasons. For example for epilepsy if you do not know the trigger for a seizure and you had not received a doctors approval for the treatment and the client unfortunately had a seizure upon your table then the client might decide to sue the practitioner for causing this, this is why doctors approval is sought. Due to the Health and Safety at work act 1974 all employers and employees must maintain a high standard of health and safety in the work place as described in F. Goulds Body Massage for Holistic Therapists. Employers are responsible for the health and safety of anyone who enters their premises. If an employer has more than five employees, the work place must have a health and safety policy, of which all staff must be aware. There are many different procedures in the work place that all employees must adhere to such as the first aid and fire procedures, all employees should know where the first aid kits and fire extinguishers/ exits are located within the building for the safely of themselves and the clients, It is advisable however, that all practitioners are first aid qualified themselves in the event of an emergency. From the clients point of view the practitioner should know these things as well as have a basic understanding of personal hygiene in the sense of washing their hands properly, being of a clean and presentable appearance and be dressed appropriately for the treatment. This is due to the intimate nature of the massage with the close skin to skin contact as strong smelling perfumes or strong body odour can be very unpleasant for the client. A general knowledge of health and safety is beneficial for the example to clean up spillages as and when they happen as to avoid trips, slips and falls of either the client or yourself. A good general idea of protecting your equipment is ideal as oils and creams can become a hazard if left un-cleaned from the treatment table as this could cause a slip or the degrading of your equipment such as the vinyl of the table tops. For insurance purposes the practitioner must ensure that they do not perform a massage while they are unwell or when the client is contagious due to the spread of infection and should always wear gloves if they have any open areas upon their hands. This is for their own protection and that of the client as to not pass anything between them or onto any other client from the previous client. However it is also important to know if the client is well enough to receive the treatment, for this the practitioner must refer to the contraindication lists to see whether or not the client is acceptable to treat. The client should also be aware that at any point the practitioner is legally allowed to refuse treatment for withholding information or for unacceptable behaviour. The practitioner must also get the permission off the client at all times before a treatment if they can touch the client themselves, and they must ensure the client understands this and what is going to happen during the tr eatment for insurance purposes for the protection of both the client and practitioner. Personal safety for the practitioner is also important; these include the correct posture and the compression of the wrists. If either of these are incorrect then the practitioner later in their career could cause themselves more pain due to repetitive strain on the joints and could cause more damage if continued. To help prevent this the right table height should be selected for the practitioner as well as the correct foot wear to help with posture, also the right hand movements should be followed to help prevent the compression of the wrists. The most important piece of safety a practitioner should adhere to is their own safety when working with a client on their own such as a residential call or even in their own rooms at their treatment centre. If doing a residential call then the practitioner should only really perform these on clients that already know, they have a personal phone number for and they should always make sure someone knows where they are at which times and check i n after the appointment with either a family member or work colleague to show they are safe. If they get a new client after a residential call they should always follow the rules of asking for the residential phone number and insist upon phoning the day before the treatment to see if they still wish to receive the treatment. Making the treatment of a client a positive experience is one of the most important parts of making a massage holistic, the practitioner should look after their clients making sure they are comfortable with what is going on whether they are new or long term clients. To be a massage practitioner you should have excellent customer service skills, client care should be the most important thing to remember and should always be used every day with every client, the client should believe that the practitioner cares. The practitioner should always consult with the client and devise a treatment plan to suite the clients and stick to this plan unless anything changes in the circumstances with the client as well as receiving permission from the client for the practitioner to touch them during the treatment. During the treatment the discussion should be at a comfortable level for the client but also low enough for the client to relax and enjoy the treatment. After care should always be adhered to and offered to the client with a small encouragement of lifestyle changes if needed for the clients needs. Effects of Massage including the Physiological and psychological effects upon the client: Massage even though it is a holistic experience has been seen to have an effect of other areas of the human body and not just as a way to relax; a massage has been seen to show that it has both physiological and psychological effect upon the clients. Physiological effects are those which are shown upon the body itself and its function whereas psychological effects are those which manifest themselves in the mind and the emotions of the client. There are many different outcomes which could manifest for both on the anatomy and the body systems. In two different clinical trials that have been preformed independently of each other there is a show of the two different effects received after a massage treatment, one for the Physiological effects and one for the psychological effects. In the first trial the objective was to see if the early intervention with massage in children with Down syndrome would help with the motor skills and muscle tone. So parents with children suffering from Down syndrome where asked to attend one of two early intervention classes, one class was a body massage session and the other a reading session after a base line had been assessed upon their severity of the syndrome, some children were not used if sever mobility where involved or they had emotional problems as this might interfere with the trial. Twelve of the children were assigned to the massage sessions and eleven to the control reading session, so in overall there where twenty one children involved in this trial. Each session was scheduled for the same times each week and specific times of the day for both classes, and each session was on an individual basis, the sessions lasted for half an hour each, twice a week for two months, while the reading session was conducted the same way with the therapist holding the child while reading for the half an hour. This was the treatment that the children received in the following sequence: The 30-minute massage therapy session started with the child lying on a small mat on the floor. The therapist conducted the following sequence three times with the child in a supine position: Legs and feet-(a) while forming hands like a letter C and wrapping the fingers around the childs leg, long, milking and twisting strokes from the thigh to the ankles; (b) massaging foot by gliding thumbs across bottom of foot followed by squeezing and tugging each toe; (c) massaging across top of foot by gliding thumbs from ankle to toes; (d) flexing and extending the foot; (e) massaging from ankle to foot and back to ankle; (f) stroking from the ankle up towards the thigh; and (g) back and forth rolling movements (as if making a rope from dough) from the ankle to the thigh. Stomach-(a) slow, circular, rubbing movements to stomach area with one hand; (b) using the palms, hand over hand down the stomach in a paddlewheel fashion; (c) starting with thumbs together at the umbilicus, stroking horizontally to sides of body and then twice above and twice below the umbilicus; (d) using fingertips and starting below the umbilicus on the childs right side, small circular upward movements until even with the umbilicus, then continuing across to the left side, and then down on the left side to below the umbilicus; (e) with one hand following the other, short upward stroking from right side below the umbilicus, then Massage and Down syndrome 401 across the umbilicus to the left side of the body, and then down on the left side to below the umbilicus; and (f) cupping or holding sides of knees, bending both knees simultaneously towards the stomach and holding for three to five seconds. Chest-(a) with palms of hands on childs sternum, stroking outward across chest; (b) starting at sternum, stroking upwards and over tops of shoulders and down the sides of the ribs; and (c) starting at the right thigh, stroking diagonally through the chest to the opposite shoulder and back down to the same thigh; repeat starting at the left thigh; Arms and hands-same as legs and feet (i.e. replace legs with arms and feet with hands). Face-(a) making small circles to entire scalp (as if shampooing hair); (b) with flats of thumbs together on midline of forehead, stroking outward towards the temples; (c) stroking gently over the eyes and brows; (d) starting at the bridge of the nose, stroking across the cheekbones to the ears; and (e) making circular movements under the chin, around the jaw line, around the ears, to the back of the neck and the rest of the scalp. The following sequences were done after placing the children on their stomach (in a prone position). Back-applying oil to the hands: (a) starting at the top of the spine, alternating hand strokes across the back working down towards the tail bone (never pressing the spine) and reaching over to include the sides; (b) hand over hand movements from upper back to hips with flats of hands and then continuing to feet; (c) using circular motion with fingertips, from neck to hips stroking over the long muscles next to the spine and retracing on the other side of the spine; (d) making circular strokes with the palm of the hand to rub the tops of the shoulders; and (e) ending with long gliding strokes from the neck to the feet. As was described in the journal Children with Down syndrome improved in motor functioning and muscle tone following massage therapy (2006). The trial was held at the childrens early intervention pre-school centres, while the test was run by the university of Miami school of medicine. The results of this trial show that there was a greater gain for the results of the children who where massaged in their sessions than to those who where read too. The improvements were shown in the gross motor skills and fine motor skills development of the children as well as a marginal effect in their language development. This then showed that through the early intervention with massage it could help children with Down syndrome enhance their motor development at a faster rate than if they were left to mature in their own way. These results help to show that massage can have a physiological effect upon the body in helping to produce and enhance muscle tone. However, there is the argument that another control group could have been added into the trial to help show whether this is successful or not is a control group that uses light stokes instead of a pressure massage to help with the ethical problems of withholding the intervention from those in the reading session. This was all shown in the clinical trial journal of Children with Down syndrome improved in motor functioning and muscle tone following massage therapy (2006) which is located in the appendices. The second trial is to determine whether or not massage can have a psychological effect on the client and for this the trial was preformed for the Association of Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Nurses (2009). The aim of this trial was to reduce symptoms of children with cancer and to reduce the anxiety of their parents. Children with cancer, ages 1 to 18 years, received at least 2 identical cycles of Chemotherapy, and one parent, participated in the 2- period crossover design in which 4 weekly massage sessions alternated with 4 weekly quiet-time control Sessions. As described in the article Massage Therapy for Children with Cancer (2009). To determine if the massage was helping to relieve the psychological symptoms of anxiety in the parents and the symptoms of the children while the trial was progressing they measured everyones heart and respiratory rates, blood pressure, and salivary cortisol level as well as their pain, nausea, anxiety, and fatigue levels. According to the results of this trial the massage was more effective in reducing heart rate than quiet time in the children, the anxiety in the children aged fourteen and older and the anxiety in the adults. The clients all commented upon how the massage rather than the quiet time helped with their anxiety and helped them feel better. So due to their result it is feasible to massage children with cancer and their parents to help relieve their anxiety. Therefore this result helps to show that massage to the body can have a psychological effect upon the client in this sense it has reduced the anxiety of the both the children and the parents although in the younger babies the results did vary a little more than the other ages, but the results of the older children and the adults help to prove that just a massage on its own can have a psychological effect upon the human body. The trial that this assessment was based upon is located in the appendices as clinical trial 2. So both of these trials show that massage can had a successful outcome on the physiological and psychological effects portrayed on the body, they both proved that through a short massage the body can manifest its effects through muscle tone or motor function progression as well as to reduce anxiety in both children and adults. Neither of these two trials have a negative out come and therefore both are a success but there shall be a few trials where massage has not appeared to be successful at all or shows that it is a little less successful than anticipated, these however are normal and show both sides to an ongoing argument about whether massage is actually good for the body, mind and spirit on a whole or if it just theoretically works on the body.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Essay --

No Jail Time for Big Bankers In the article â€Å"Why DOJ Deemed Bank Execs Too Big to Jail,† author Ted Kaufman reports how banking executives never serve jail time for their part in financial fraud. There are three main reasons that executives are not prosecuted: the American government is showing little effort in bringing the big corporation executives to justice, if the banks and executives are prosecuted, thousands of innocent people could be out of jobs, and the health of the financial industry may crumble. Mr. Kaufman wants his readers to understand that although the citizen’s deserve for these financial executives deserve to go to jail, over that past few years, it has been shown that not only that it hasn’t happened; it probably will not happen in the future either. Is it right that they can dodge going to prison for their greed and illegal activities, but a man who steals food from the grocery store to feed his hungry family serves years in prison? The answer is no, because some o f these banking executives have robbed the American people of their life savings and have put America’s banking system’s in a downward spiral with no real help by the government to help stop this and help bring the executives to justice. The American government has done very little to help in the efforts to bring these executive’s to justice. Congress didn’t oppose strengthening criminal enforcement of federal fraud laws regarding financial institutions after the 2009 financial crisis. They passed the House’s bill by a very large margin. The bill is called the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act. Even the Obama administration established a task force to oversee the investigations. Attorney General Eric Holder even said, â€Å"We will be relentless in our... ...ir jobs, their homes, and their financial stability. If the financial industry crumbles, it will be felt worldwide. When people lose their jobs, they are no longer to take out loans and make payments on the loans they already have. There is no money going into the banks. If the American financial institutions fail and the industry crumbles, stocks will plummet and businesses will close. So what’s the solution to the problem? Mr. Kaufman definitely is on to something. â€Å"Justice for All† should mean something. Why shouldn’t CEO’s be held accountable for their actions? If we continue to let them get away with it, they will continue to take their bonuses, cut corners, and not care that they are doing anything illegal, or at the very least, unethical. If we want to prevent the failing economy from happening again, we must stop these executives and hold them accountable.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Liner Shipping

AN INTRODUCTION TO LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS NATURE AND SCOPE OF LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS: LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPING THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICE TYPES OF LINER SERVICE OPERATORS THE IMPORTANCE & NEED FOR LINER SERVICE LINER TRADE ROUTES A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPING:The spirit of enquiry – looking beyond the forests, mountains, deserts & oceans. The era of explorations European expeditions Discovery of the Americas The Suez and Panama canals and other canals/waterways changed the course of shippingIndustrial Revolution Increase in trade Newer markets and opportunities Large-scale shipping lines only became widespread in the nineteenth century, after the development of the steamship in 1783. Great Britain was the center of development of the shipping line. In 1819 the first steamship crossing of the Atlantic Ocean took place. By 1833 shipping lines had begun to operate ste amships between Britain and British Empire possessions such as India and Canada. Three major British shipping lines were founded in the 1830s: The British and American Steam Navigation Company.The Great Western Steamship Company The Peninsular Steam Navigation Company.HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE1. Evolution of Shipping as an industry that arose from man’s quest for seeking new frontiers and later on played a major role in world trade.2. Growth of markets from local to neighbouring settlements / villages / towns/cities/countries and continents across the oceans in the 18th century. Seafaring communities could be found all over the world, the Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Norwegians, the British, the Dutch, the Portuguese, the Chinese, the Indians and many more.3. Discovery of new continents: The Americas and routes to various countries. The major man-made alterations in the geographic landscape that change the world. The Panama canal connected the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans while the Suez canal connected the Mediterranean sea in Europe and the Red Sea in Asia.4. Industrial Revolution and the invention of the steam engine caused a major shift in the way ships operated – wind powered to steam powered. The trade routes moved from being guided by wind and ocean currents to routes chartered by man to countries and continents around the globe.5. The inter-dependence of people and their produce and the role of ship owners and merchants in the development of new markets overseas.6. The advent of Tramp and Liner Shipping Business as the demands of the merchants and trading community grew during the 19th and 20th to have regular service to destination of their choice that was dependable, reliable, fixed route and timeframe to meet the requirements of their overseas customer.Characteristics of Liner Shipping Tramp* vs Liner Shipping* Dictionary Meaning – vagrant, homeless, vagabondTramp service is driven by demands of the mer chant in carrying goods in large quantities to specified location, does not have a fixed schedule or tariff in the sense that the freight rates are negotiable per voyage, Whereas Liner Shipping is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in smaller quantities, that is unitized or break-bulk, on a specified route, operating with a regular schedule, to pre-advertised ports of call and fixed tariff.Types of Liner Service:   Break-bulk – lumber, wood-chips, liquids, grains, crude-oil, over dimension cargo. ? Container or cellular vessel – Containers Roll-on/Roll-off vessel – to carry fully built motor vehicles of all shapes & sizes ? LASH (lighter* aboard ship) or Kangaroo ships, lighter transport ships ? Passenger/Luxury Cruise Liner – ferrying people on work or leisure†¢ A lighter is a gearless barge or a small vessel that can carry cargo along rivers waterways to the sea and then can be loaded onto the mother vessel in the port.The Classi fication of Service Pattern:1. The Feeder service2. RTW or round-the-world3. The Pendulum Service4. Hub and Spoke5. End-to-endReview questions:1. Explain the path of change the sea-borne trade has undergone to reach it present level. Also indicate the factors that influenced the growth of sea-borne trade.2. What is Tramp service?3. Identify the main characteristics of Liner Service4. Draw a comparision between Tramp and Liner Service5. Identify the various types of Liner Service6. How are the Liner Service pattern classified explain.THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICENo fixed schedule – the ship calls at ports â€Å"subject to inducement†. Serves customers with large shipments Eg. Ore, coal steel, crude oil, food grains, fertilizers – full shiploads Freight rates are negotiable – No Tariff On a charter – voyage, time or bareboatTHE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICE:A fleet of ships sailing between pre-advertised port that call at the port s en-route to load/discharge cargo. Maintain a fixed schedule. Offer cargo space to customers irrespective of volume CY/FCL : Full container OR CFS/LCL : Less-than-container load Carry general cargo and/or unitized cargo in ISO containers A pre-deterimined Tariff structure based on port-pair & commodity. Large organisation structure –network of office/agents Specified Port rotation for example: Bangkok-Laem Chabang-Ho Chi Minh City-Singapore- Chennai-Singapore–Laem Chabang-Bangkok Fixed schedule:BKK: Sat/Sun LCB: Mon/Mon VICT: Wed/Wed Cat lai: Wed/Thur SIN: Fri/SatMAA: Thur/Fri SIN : Wed/ThursLCB: Sat/SatBKK: Sat/SunROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF LINER SERVICE – HISTORY: At first, wheeled vehicles carried as cargo on ocean going ships were treated like any other cargo. Automobiles had their gas tanks emptied and their batteries disconnected before being hoisted into the ship’s hold, where they were chocked and secured. This process was tedious and difficult, vehicles w ere subject to damage, and could not be used for routine travel. Landing craft during World War II: Post war, the idea was adopted for merchant ships and short ferry crossings.The first RoRo service crossing the English channel began from Dover (Dover is a town and major ferry port in the county of Kent, in South East England. ) It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel†¦. TYPES of Roll on Roll off vessels: ROPAX The acronym ROPAX (roll on/roll off passenger) describes a RORO A ferry is a form of transport, usually a boat or ship, used to carry passengers and their vehicles across a body of water. Ferries are also used to transport freight and even railroad cars †¦. vessel built for freight vehicle transport but also with passenger accommodation.The ConRo vessel is a hybrid between a RORO and a container ship. A RoLo (roll-on lift-off) vessel is another hybrid vessel type with ramps serving vehicle decks but with other cargo decks accessible only by crane. Roll-on/roll-off (Roll on/Roll off) Ships were designed to carry wheeled cargo PCTC – Pure car- carriers or Pure Car /Truck Carriers: While the characteristics of seagoing RORO car ferries have inherent risks, there are benefits to its seaworthiness. For example the car carrier Cougar Ace The Motor ship Cougar Ace is a Singapore-flagged roll-on/roll-off car carrier vessel.The Cougar Ace was built by Kanasashi Co. of Toyohashi, Aichi and launched in June 1993†¦. listed 80 degrees to its port side in 2006 but did not sink, since its high enclosed sides prevented water from entering. Unlike in the shipping industry where cargo is measured by the metric tonne, RORO cargo is typically measured unit of LIM â€Å"lanes in metres†. This is calculated by multiplying cargo length in metres by its width in lanes (lane width differs from vessel to vessel and there are a number of industry standards). Aboard PCCs cargo capacity is measured in RT or RT 43 units which is based on a 1966 Toyota or by car equivalent units (CEU).THE ERA OF CONTAINERIZATION:As the progress was made in terms of unitization of the goods that is packaging the goods in a suitable manner for proper stowage and safe carriage during a shipment from one country to another the simple box, case, crate, cask or drums, pallets, skids and vans slowly evolved the concept of containerization – container made of steel or aluminum that would make handling of cargo easier. Definition: Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitized form thereby permitting an intermodal transport system to be developed providing a possible combination of rail, road, canal and maritime transport.For as long as people have been sailing the oceans they have been trading with other countries. The great empires of the world, from the Egyptians to the British Empire, were all built on ocean trade. As far back as 1792, boxes similar to modern containers emerged in England and these were transported with horse and wagon and later moved via rail. The U. S. government used containers during the Second World War.Modern container shipping began in 1956, when Malcolm McLean, a trucking entrepreneur from North Carolina, U. S. bought a steamship company with the idea of transporting entire truck trailers with their cargo still inside. Various companies in the U. S. began to adopt containerisation. In 1966, the vessel Fairland owned by Sea-Land sailed from the U. S. to Rotterdam in the Netherlands with 256 containers. This was the first international voyage of a container ship. During the 1970s container shipping expanded dramatically and ports were established in every continent in the world. This was the beginning of the expansion that made container shipping the backbone of global trade.Transporting goods in large volumes makes it cheaper – ‘economies of scale’ improved and therefore the unit cost of the products became more competitive. Transpor ting goods by container ship is also better for the environment. It is estimated that on average a container ship emits around 40 times less CO2 than a large freight aircraft and three times less than a heavy truck. Container shipping is also estimated to be two and a half times more energy efficient than rail and 7 times more so than road. Container shipping is different from conventional shipping because it uses ‘containers’ of various sizes – 20 foot (6. 9 m), 40 foot (12. 18 m) , 45 foot (13. 7 m), 48 foot (14. 6 m), and 53 foot (16. 15 m) – to load, transport, and unload goods DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE: The introduction of containers in shipping also saw the development of infrastructure at the port and the container yards that was required to handle the containers safely with the cargo. A container crane (also container handling gantry crane, ship-to-shore crane ) is a design of large dockside gantry cranes found at container terminals f or loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships.The first use of a container crane was constructed by Paceco Corp. for Matson (a marine terminal in Alameda, CA) in the early 1960s and was called a Portainer. Container cranes consistent of a supporting framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard, and a moving platform called a â€Å"spreader†. The spreader can be lowered down on top of a container and locks on to the container's four locking points (â€Å"corner castings†), using a â€Å"twist lock† mechanism. Cranes normally transport a single container at once, however some newer cranes have the capability to up pick upto four 20†² containers at once.A fully maneuverable version not using rails is a rubber tyred gantry crane Containers are generally referred to in terms of TEU â€Å"Twenty foot equivalent† while the standard size of containers that exist in shipping are for further details the students may refer to t he container specifications distributed: CONTAINER TYPES: DRY FREIGHT CONTAINERS INSULATED CONTAINERS REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS BULK CONTAINERS VENTILATED CONTAINERS FLAT RACK & PLATFORM CONTAINERS OPEN-TOP CONTAINERS TANKS CONTAINERS SEA CELL CONTAINERS MILITARY CONTAINERS SWAPBODIES HANGER CONTAINERS

Saturday, November 9, 2019

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight July2016

Scholarship Spotlight July2016 Every month, we select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply, check out our tips on  how to write a scholarship essay. Visit   Essay Lab  if you’re looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback on your scholarship or college application essays! Smart.Study Essay Writing Scholarship Amount:  $225-$700 Eligibility:  All students, regardless of major or academic level Requirements:  Entrants must follow Smart.Study on Twitter, and write an essay of 500-700 words on a chosen topic. Due Date:  August 1, 2016 Learn more and apply Tent.net Scholarship Amount: $500 Eligibility:  Incoming college student or a college student continuing their education Requirements:  Fill out the personal information form and submit an essay of at least 500 words on one of the selected essay topics. Due Date: August 1, 2016 Learn more and apply Unigo Flavor of the Month Scholarship Amount:  $1500 Eligibility:  13 years of age or older and currently enrolled (or enroll no later than fall of 2022) in an accredited post-secondary institution of higher education Requirements:  Submit a short online written response about what ice cream flavor you would be and why Due Date:  July 31, 2016 Learn more and apply Dolman Law Scholarship Video Essay Contest Amount: $1,100 Eligibility:  Attending or planning to attend a college or university during the 2016-2017 academic year, in good academic standing with current educational institution, and acquire permission from a parent or legal guardian if under 18 years of age Requirements:  Create a 2-3 minute video essay that discusses the selected issue: In Florida and many other states, an adult motorcyclist is not required to wear a helmet. A handful of companies are looking to extend the purpose of a motorcycle helmet beyond mere protection, however, in order to include new technologies, including feed from a 180-degree rearview camera that provides a full rear-facing panorama and side-to-side visibility, GPS navigation as well as connection via Bluetooth allowing riders to play music, take calls, send texts and more via voice commands. With these recent advancements in helmet technology, should the laws be changed to require adult motorcyclists to wear helmets? Why or why not? Due Date: July 30th, 2016 Learn more and apply LendingTree Scholarship Amount:  $2,500 Eligibility:  High school seniors with a 3.5 GPA or higher Requirements:  Film and submit a video of yourself answering the prompt: What is your plan for paying for college? Due Date: July 15, 2016 Learn more and apply

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Essential First Step When Writing a Proposal

The Essential First Step When Writing a Proposal One of the most vexing considerations when writing a proposal is deciding what information to include and what to omit. And, we need to tier information so it is relevant and compelling. Here is the honest answer to determining what information to include in your proposal, and where to place it:It depends. Every proposal requires different content, sequencing, and even tone, depending on audience needs. Therefore, we have to approach proposal writing with a logical, step-by-step process that is built on audience needs.That's why templates are useful in proposal writing, but never definitive, and can get you in trouble. The Essential First Step When Writing a Proposal There is a first step every proposal writer should begin with, when writing every proposal, to determine what to include and what to omit: analyze your audience carefully. In essence, at this first most important point in the proposal writing process, you need to figure out your audience. Everything else - content, solutions, product recommendations, tone, and even pricing and presentation - hangs fully on audience needs. Defining your audience is the critical stage in proposal writing. At this point, don't even think about your company's technical knowledge or unique solutions; that will come later. Don't muddy the waters yet. What to Include and What to Omit When Writing a Proposal Always start with considering your audience.. Get a clear idea of them in your head before you plan solutions or write anything. Ask yourself questions about your proposal readers: How much do they know about your company and your solutions? Are they resistant or open to change or new process? Have you worked with them before? Are they cheap or willing to spend money to get a good solution? What are their pain points? What is most important to them about their pain point or issues? What is less important to them, but perhaps still relevant? Are they interested? Or, are they disinterested? Is your working relationship established and easy, or established and being reviewed? Are they knowledgeable about your industry in general? Etc. The answers to these questions frame everything else about your proposal. You will match proposal content directly to the audience. Always. A very common proposal mistake is to write what you, as the proposal writer, think is important about your solution or product. That may or may not be your readers' primary interest. It's an easy trap to fall into because we all know our products and solutions so well. It's natural to write from our own perspective, especially when we enjoy our work, believe in our solutions, and are knowledgeable and passionate about our subject. But, you will likely fail to meet your readers' real needs if you don't first analyze your audience. We always want to provide content that is relevant to audience needs. We can't do that if we don't first figure out our audience's perspective, experience, challenges, and needs. Defining your audience when you start to write a proposal is the essential first step that will help you know what information to include and what to omit, and also tier its importance, in the proposal. Match the information directly to audience needs. Be certain your first step when writing a proposal is defining your audience. I like to simplify this into two steps: Who will actually be reading the proposal? What is their "deal?" (Are they interested? Disinterested? Reactive? Affable but unable to commit? Cheap? Willing to spend money for value? Knowledgeable about the industry and solution? Are the readers a committee? If so, what is the "deal" with the members of the committee?...) Wrestle with these questions until you clearly understand your readers. Once you have your readers clearly in your mind, you will easily be able to determine what content to include, or omit. And, you'll know much more easily where and how to present it. First Things First Skip this important first step and your content can't possibly match reader needs or determine what information is most important. And, the proposal will likely be unfocused and over or under weighted with solutions or present irrelevant information. If content is not matched to your readers' needs, you are unlikely to earn the business. You can't determine the right content if you don't first analyze your reader during this first essential step to writing a proposal. Ready to master proposal writing? Close more business by enrolling in our onlineProposal Course. Receive instruction, templates, and feedback on each incremental step of the proposal you write during the course. Additionally, the last lesson includes individual coaching on the strategy and writing of proposals you write at work and a detailed review of the proposal you write during the course. You will fully master proposal writing in this course. Or, download our free guide onHow to Write a Proposal.