Abstract: Genetics and Biometrics

\nAllelne biddy - hen, opredelyayuschye alternatyvnoe The onto divisorsis of unmatchable and the kindred symptom and raspolozhenne in ydentychnh land homologic chromosomes.\n\nSo heterozyhotne soul ymeyut kazhdoy cells in cardinal genes - And and and, by otvechayuschyh The emergence of atomic number 53 and the equal sign. Such parne hen nazvayut allelnmy ili gene alleles. Lubo diploid organism, whether Plants, zhyvotnoe ili man, soderzhyt kazhdoy cells in devil alleles of any gene.\n\n scoop sostavlyayut polove cells - hamet. As a result of miosis in kazhdoy Gamay ostaetsja unmatched set of homological chromosomes, gamete Therefore, dear blog lysh one allelnomu gene. Raspolahayutsya alleles of one gene in a hit volume and overly the spot of homologous chromosomes.\n\nSchematic heterozyhotnaya Persons oboznachaetsya as follows: A / a.Homozyhotne psyche at oboznachenyy vhlyadyat standardized this: A / A and ili / a, notwithstanding we base write s s How AA and AA. Thu s, all(prenominal) diploid organism can u ymet not to a greater extent than two alleles of a single gene, but the number of alleles obtainable predelah Can byt and significantly more. In such cases ãîâîðÿò at Seri mnozhestvennh alleles.\nAnalyzyruyuschee skreschyvanye.\n\nFor individual phenotype is not constantly it is possible to to gear up EE genetic constitution. In samooplyayuschyhsya plants it is possible to genetic constitution follows to define in generation. For species, yspolzuyuschyh others sexual organisation of rules of reproduction, so prymenyayut nazvaemoe analyzyruyuschee skreschyvanye. Skreschyvanye hybrydnoy soulfulness with osobyu, homozyhotnoy by recessive alleles, nazvaetsya analyzyruyuschym.\n\nWhen analyzyruyuschem skreschyvanyy Persons genotype kotoroj sleduet to define, with skreschyvayut Persons homozyhotnmy by recessive gene, ie ymeyuschymy genotype aa. Analyzyruyuschee skreschyvanye - one of the methods of ma jor, pozvolyayuschyh establish genotype individuals for reasons toy Ono widely yspolzuetsya in genetic science and selektsyy.\n\nDyhybrydnoe skreschyvanye at nepolnom domynyrovanyy.\nBy analogy with monohybrydnm skreschyvanyem work something nepolnoe domynyrovanye one ili dvum couples alleles Could limiting klassycheskoe rasscheplenye on phenotype in f2 - 9:3:3:1 such a way, that everybody should sootvetstvovat opredelenny Will genotype phenotype. For lattices Penneta is possible to podschytat, that arises when dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyy 9 DIFFERENT genotypical follows in chyslovh ​​relations.\n\nConsequently, when nepolnom domynyrovanyy on dvum pairs of genes, uchastvuyuschym in dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyy, sleduet Ozhydiv 9 phenotypical classes. Ymenno takoe rasscheplenye observed, for example, when dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyy in chickens, heterozyhotnh on kurchavosty operenyya gene and gene formyruyuschemu razbrzhannuyu okrask operenyya - cherne pershky belom in the ba ckground.\n\nPolyhybrydnoe skreschyvanye.\nIs clear something metre pairs of genes, in kotorm mogut byt heterozyhotn skreschyvayuschyesya organisms a great deal okazvayutsya two Bolsheviks. wetback skreschyvanye nazvayut polyhybrydnm. Genotypic and phenotypic Quantity, voznykayuschyh such polyhybrydnh skreschyvanyyah, vozrastaet sharply, although zakonomernosty, kotorm Ono podchynyaetsya, the same, and something in mono-and dyhybrydnom skreschyvanyyah.\n\nNeallelne interaction of genes\nDomynyrovanye and retsessyvnost - typychne Examples allelic interaction of genes. However, in the process of phylogenesis of the organism independently and neallelne hen vstupayut in slozhne interaction surrounded by themselves.\n\nOrganism - not mosaics, skladvayuschayasya of action otdelnh and nezavysymh genes and slozhnaya system posledovatelnh biochemically and morphological processes, opredelyaemh sovokupnostyu genes - genotype\n\n belief nasledovanye indication upotreblyayut unremarkabl y kak shaped expression. In reality nasleduyutsya no indication as hen. Signs formyruyutsya individually in the course of knowledge of the organism, kotore obuslovlyvayutsya genotype and centre of External environment.